Correction du travail précédent:
Language:
Il faut différencier Had + pp (le past perfect ou le pluperfect) et V-ed (preterit). Le preterit pose une action passée qui est un peu un repère. Les actions au had + pp sont posées comme antérieures à celle-ci.
La nominalisation: fait de transformer un verbe afin de pouvoir l'utiliser en position soit sujet, soit complément (c'est à dire à la position d'un GN)
V-ing / Génitif + V-ing ou pronom + V-ing
To + V
To + V va bien après want ou intend car TO indique un but ou une intention. Cela va donc bien avec l'idée d'une volonté ou d'une planification. C'est du 'à faire'.
Avec V-ing, l'action est envisagée comme réalisée. C'est pour cela qu'avec des verbes de goût ou de dégoût V-ing est plus logique. En effet, pour détester qqch ou en avoir marre, il faut que l'action soit réalisée.
Suite du Chapitre
Listen to these two documents and present what you understood in French.
Then, explain what their common theme is and what they both aim at showing.
Send this by mail. Thanks
A correction will appear here when I have received your works.
Until that, I give you a text to read. I will post some questions for you to answer
Multiculturalism in its controversial glory: Is
Canada a ‘country without a core culture’?
 Joe O'Connor | Oct
24, 2012 9:31 PM ET | Last Updated: Oct 24, 2012 9:32 PM ET
Dean Bicknell/Postmedia News
Just name it, and we have it here, in Canada, the land of 200
languages — including the two official ones. No matter where people are
originally from, nearly 90% of us primarily speak English or French at home.
|
Canada is a multicultural country. We know
that. We are taught it in school and, for Canadians, especially those living in
big cities, we see and hear it around us everyday; written on restaurant signs,
advertising delectable ethnic cuisine, and on crowded subway cars and buses
where chatter abounds in a multiplicity of tongues.
English.
French. Chinese. Russian. Spanish. Tagalog. Creole. Just name it, and we have
it here, in Canada,
the land of 200 languages — including the two official ones. No matter where
people are originally from, nearly 90% of us primarily speak English or French
at home. It is a robust number, and yet, beneath it, is a head-scratcher of a
figure: more than two million speak neither English or French at home, while
some 6.6 million people, more than the number of people in greater Toronto, most often speak
something other than French or English at home.
Salim
Mansur is a political scientist at the University of Western
Ontario. He has been described, including in the
pages of this newspaper, as Canada’s
“angriest moderate.” And what makes him so angry is that nobody, he says, not
the media elite, politicians or even the academics, is willing to have a frank
and open dialogue about multiculturalism in this country.
“Numerous
languages spoken inside a country is only a problem, and a lethal problem, when
the core identity of that country comes to be increasingly disputed — as is
happening in Canada,” Professor Mansur, an Indo-Canadian Muslim originally from
Calcutta wrote in an email. “A multicultural country, and officially so
designated, has basically indicated it is a country without a core culture, or
the core culture that once gave it cohesion, identity, framework, anchor, has been
jettisoned to embrace a multiplicity of identities — and thereby the unintended
consequence is that there is a void in the centre.”
He
argues that Canada,
before it became beholden to a Kumbayah notion that everybody should get along
and be free to do so in whatever language they choose to speak was, at its
core, a liberal democracy. Previous generations of immigrants — Irish, Italians
and Greeks, Germans, Russians and Poles, to list a few — who arrived before
multiculturalism became enshrined as federal policy in October, 1971, were
forced, not by fiat, but out of necessity, to embrace English and/or French
because speaking the official languages was key to being a part of the greater
Canadian tribe.
“Whatever
their particularities immigrants put them aside, because there was a core
identity with Canada, and
the United States,
and it was clearly a liberal democracy,” the professor says. “But we trashed
our core value system.”
Or
else we simply expanded the definition. Language retention rates of immigrant
populations offer a telling story, and, in some ways, tell a similar story to
Professor Mansur’s. Italian, Portuguese, Greek, Polish, German — older stock
immigrant groups — fully retain their mother tongues at rates far below newer
arrivals to Canada.
For
example, only 39% of Italians, a group that came to Canada in two great waves at the
beginning of the twentieth century and again after the Second World War, are
fully fluent in Italian, whereas Punjabi-speaking Indians have an 81.4%
language retention rate. That may change for subsequent generations, or it may
not.
Professor
Mansur claims that we aren’t on our way to becoming “Balkanized” as a nation,
but that we are already there. Maybe, in some sad instances, he is right. The
other day I sat through a murder trial of an Afghan immigrant, a man allegedly
unable and unwilling to adjust to life in Canada and to accept that his wife
was accepting of Western ways. So he killed her. It is brutal story.
But
there are others to tell.
Parminder
Singh is 31-years-old, an immigrant, a Sikh, a medical student and, back when
there actually was hockey to watch, a play-by-play man for Hockey Night in
Canada’s Punjabi-language broadcasts. Lanky, and with a big beard, Mr. Singh
was raised in a multi-generational home where English was effectively his first
language but Punjabi was the ‘official’ language, a language he needed to
master, by necessity, if he wanted to speak to his grandparents.
Mr.
Singh’s father drove a truck. His mother worked in a bottling factory. On Saturdays
the three generations gathered around the television to watch hockey.
“I
would translate the games for them,” Mr. Singh told me in an interview a while
back. “It was the one thing we all enjoyed — me in English — and them as a
sport.”
We
had this discussion at a Tim Horton’s in Brampton,
where other men in turbans sat drinking coffee, presumably sharing the news of
the day, chattering away in their native tongue. Mr. Singh and I chattered away
in English.
It
was a snapshot of multiculturalism, in all its glory. It didn’t feel like a
failure to me, as Mr. Mansur suggests.
National Post
